The Optimization of Temperature and Length of Extraction of Local Corn Silk Powder Using Response Surface Methodology

- Haslina, Danar Praseptiangga, V.Priyo Bintoro, Bambang Pujiasmanto

Abstract


Corn silk from female flowers consists of a group of stigmas that are smooth, soft, and look like threads and yellowish silk. Corn silk is rich in phenolic compounds, especially flavonoids and high natural antioxidant compounds. This content varies according to the corn varieties. Bisma variety is one of the many local corn varieties grown in Temanggung, Central Java. The first step in separating phenolic compounds is extraction with solvents. Methanol is one of the solvents that are often used in the extraction of phenolic compounds. Some of the contributing factors affect the rate and quality of extraction on the components of bioactive compounds, two of which are temperature and length of extraction.  This study aims to determine the optimum condition of extraction of corn silk from local Bisma varieties using Response Surface Methodology. The experimental design used was factorial in the Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two factors and three replications. The local corn silk of the Bisma variety, 80% methanol solvent concentration and a ratio (1:20) were extracted with a length of extraction (60, 70, 80 and 90) minutes and a temperature of 40° C, 50°C, 60°C and 70°C. The extraction results from each corn silk were analyzed for chemical and phytochemical characteristics. The optimum condition for extracting corn silk powder was obtained at 40oC and the extraction time was 60 minutes. In this condition, chemical content produced is as follow: 0.80% of soluble fiber, 0.58% of insoluble fiber, 1.38% of total fiber, 2.36% of moisture content, 2.50% of ash content, 1.29% of fat content, protein content of 16.93%, and carbohydrate content of 78.20%, and phytochemical content were total phenol of 5342.45µg EAG / g, total flavonoids of 167.45µg EAG / g, beta-sitosterol of 996.53 ppm, antioxidant activity of 50.41 %.


Keywords


corn silk; extraction; dietary fiber; phytochemicals; proximate; response surface methodology.

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References


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.9.2.8297

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