Pectin-enriched Material from Mandarin Orange Byproducts as a Potential Fat Replacer in Cookies

Abstract

The production of mandarin orange canned on an industrial level leads to a considerable quantity of residue, which is still considered as waste or used as a complement in agriculture. In general, mandarin orange byproducts have no economic value, even though their composition is rich in soluble sugars, cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin and essential oils that could form the basis of several industrial processes. The purpose of this study was to characterize pectin from byproducts and to study their application as a fat replacer in cookies. When pectin solutions were subjected to steady-shear measurements, shear-thinning behavior was observed. The flow behaviors could be described by the Cross model (R2 = 0.84), and temperature effects were investigated by the Arrhenius equation. When pectin-enriched material were incorporated into cookie formulations in place of shortening (semisolid fat generally used in baked foods) up to 30 % by the weight of shortening, the cookie spread diameter was reduced while the color has no signiï¬cant difference with control. Surprisingly, the use of mandarin orange pectin at different prosentation as fat replacer reduce the fat content significantly. Thus mandarin orange pectin proved to be a promising alternative as a fat replacer in cookies production.