A Crowdsourced Contact Tracing Model to Detect COVID-19 Patients using Smartphones

Linta Islam, Mafizur Rahman, Nabila Ahmad, Tasnia Sharmin, Jannatul Ferdous Sorna

Abstract


Millions of people have died all across the world because of the COVID-19 outbreak. Researchers worldwide are working together and facing many challenges to bring out the proper vaccines to prevent this infectious virus. Therefore, in this study, a system has been designed which will be adequate to stop the outbreak of COVID-19 by spreading awareness of the COVID-19 infected patient situated area. The model has been formulated for Location base COVID-19 patient identification using mobile crowdsourcing. In this system, the government will update the information about inflected COVID-19 patients. It will notify other users in the vulnerable area to stay at 6 feet or 1.8-meter distance to remain safe. We utilized the Haversine formula and circle formula to generate the unsafe area. Ten thousand valid information has been collected to support the results of this research. The algorithm is tested for 10 test cases every time, and the datasets are increased by 1000. The run time of that algorithm is growing linearly. Thus, we can say that the proposed algorithm can run in polynomial time. The algorithm's correctness is also being tested where it is found that the proposed algorithm is correct and efficient. We also implement the system, and the application is evaluated by taking feedback from users. Thus, people can use our system to keep themselves in a safe area and decrease COVID patients' rate.

Keywords


Contact tracing; crowdsourcing; Covid-19; location tracking; mobile application.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Y. Tong, Z. Zhou, Y. Zeng, L. Chen, and C. Shahabi, “Spatial crowdsourcing: a survey,†The VLDB Journal, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 217–250, 2020.

L. Islam, S. T. Alvi, M. N. Uddin, and M. Rahman, “Obstacles of mobile crowdsourcing: A survey,†in 2019 IEEE Pune Section International Conference (PuneCon), pp. 1–4, IEEE, 2019.

S. O’dea, “Number of smartphone users worldwide from 2016 to 2021,†Statista Research Department, 2020.

S. Zhu, Z. Cai, H. Hu, Y. Li, and W. Li, “zkcrowd: a hybrid blockchain-based crowdsourcing platform,†IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 4196–4205, 2019.

H. D. Das, R. Ahmed, N. Smrity, and L. Islam, “Bdonor: A geo-localised blood donor management system using mobile crowdsourcing,†in 2020 IEEE 9th International Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technologies (CSNT), pp. 313–317, IEEE, 2020.

Z. Y. Zu, M. D. Jiang, P. P. Xu, W. Chen, Q. Q. Ni, G. M. Lu, and L. J. Zhang, “Coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19): a perspective from China,†Radiology, vol. 296, no. 2, pp. E15–E25, 2020.

P. Bahl, C. Doolan, C. De Silva, A. A. Chughtai, L. Bourouiba, and C. R. MacIntyre, “Airborne or droplet precautions for health workers treatingcovid-19?,†The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2020.

R. Humphries, M. Spillane, K. Mulchrone, S. Wieczorek, M. O’Riordain, and P. Hövel, “A metapopulation network model for the spreading of sars-cov-2: Case study for Ireland,†Infectious Disease Modelling, vol. 6, pp. 420–437, 2021.

M. P. Crayne, “The traumatic impact of job loss and job search in the aftermath of COVID-19.,†Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, vol. 12, no. S1, p. S180, 2020.

H. Stevens and M. B. Haines, “Tracetogether: Pandemic response, democracy, and technology,†East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 523–532, 2020.

M. Zens, A. Brammertz, J. Herpich, N. Südkamp, and M. Hinterseer, “App-based tracking of self-reported covid-19 symptoms: analysis of questionnaire data,†Journal of medical Internet research, vol. 22, no. 9, p. e21956, 2020.

R. Mallik, D. Sing, and R. Bandyopadhyay, “GPS tracking app for police to track ambulances carrying COVID-19 patients for ensuring safe distancing,†Transactions of the Indian National Academy of Engineering, vol. 5, pp. 181–185, 2020.

S. Anwar, M. Nasrullah, and M. J. Hosen, “Covid-19 and Bangladesh: Challenges and how to address them,†Frontiers in Public Health, vol. 8, 2020.

E. González-González, G. Trujillo-de Santiago, I. M. Lara-Mayorga, S. O. Martinez-Chapa, and M. M. Alvarez, “Portable and accurate diagnostics for covid-19: Combined use of the miniPCR thermocycler and a well-plate reader for sars-cov-2 virus detection,†PloS one, vol. 15, no. 8, p. e0237418, 2020.

M. N. K. Boulos and E. M. Geraghty, “Geographical tracking and mapping of coronavirus disease COVID-19/severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) epidemic and associated events around the world: how 21st century GIS technologies are supporting the global fight against outbreaks and epidemics,†International Journal of Health Geographics, vol. 19, no. 8, pp. 1–12, 2020.

M. Rezaei, A. A. Nouri, G. S. Park, and D. H. Kim, “Application of geo-graphic information system in monitoring and detecting the COVID-19 out-break,†Iranian Journal of Public Health, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 114–116, 2020.

J. Ammendolia, J. Saturno, A. L. Brooks, S. Jacobs, and J. R. Jambeck, “An emerging source of plastic pollution: environmental presence of plastic personal protective equipment (PPE) debris related to COVID-19 in a metropolitan city,†Environmental Pollution, vol. 269, p. 116160, 2021.

S. Hossain, M. N. Hasan, M. N. Islam, M. R. Mukto, M. S. Abid, and F. Khanam, “Information-based mobile application to tackle covid-19 circumstances,†Journal of Scientific Research and Reports, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 78–92, 2021

E. Shim, A. Tariq, W. Choi, Y. Lee, and G. Chowell. “Transmission potential and severity of covid-19 in south koreaâ€, International Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol. 93, pp. 339–344, 2020.

M. N. Islam, S. R. Khan, N. N. Islam, M. Rezwan-A-Rownok, S. R. Zaman, and S. R. Zaman, “A mobile application for mental health care duringcovid-19 pandemic: Development and usability evaluation with system usability scale,†in International Conference on Computational Intelligence in Information System, pp. 33–42, Springer, 2021.

Y. Jung and R. Agulto, “A public platform for virtual IoT-based monitoring and tracking of covid-19,†Electronics, vol. 10, no. 1, p. 12, 2021.

T. Alanzi, “A review of mobile applications available in the app and google play stores used during the covid-19 outbreak,†Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, vol. 14, pp. 45-57, 2021.

S. S. Hassan, S. D. Bibon, M. S. Hossain, and M. Atiquzzaman, “Security threats in Bluetooth technology,†Computers & Security, vol. 74, pp. 308–322, 2018.

Y. Meng, J. Li, H. Zhu, X. Liang, Y. Liu, and N. Ruan, “Revealing your mobile password via wifi signals: Attacks and countermeasures,†IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 432–449, 2019.

S. Brack, L. Reichert, and B. Scheuermann, “CAUDHT: Decentralized contact tracing using a DHT and blind signatures,†in 2020 IEEE 45th Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN), pp. 337–340, IEEE, 2020

A. M. Lonzetta, P. Cope, J. Campbell, B. J. Mohd, and T. Hayajneh, “Security vulnerabilities in bluetooth technology as used in IoT,†Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks, vol. 7, no. 3, p. 28, 2018.

I. Shammugam, G. N. Samy, P. Magalingam, N. Maarop, S. Perumal, and B. Shanmugam, “Information security threats encountered by malaysian public sector data centers,†Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 1820–1829, 2021.

T. Alam and M. S. Rahman, “To trace or not to trace: Saving lives fromcovid-19 at the cost of privacy breach in Bangladesh,†Qatar Medical Journal, vol. 2020, no. 3, 2020.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.11.5.14644

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.



Published by INSIGHT - Indonesian Society for Knowledge and Human Development