Estimating and Reducing the Release of Greenhouse Gases in Local Road Pavement Constructions

Fajar Sri Handayani, Florentina Pungky Pramesti, Mochamad Agung Wibowo, Ary Setyawan

Abstract


Local roads, which comprise 91% of the road networks in Indonesia, are a vital part of the transportation infrastructure. The construction of local roads has had some negative impacts on the environment, one of the most significant of which is the release of greenhouse gases (GHG). In order to develop a strategy for sustainable development in transportation infrastructure, it is essential that GHG emissions be reduced in the local road construction cycle. The aims of this study were to estimate the release of GHG and to elaborate on efforts to reduce GHG emissions in the construction of both rigid and flexible local road pavements. First, a life cycle assessment was performed to calculate the energy consumption and amount of GHG emissions. Next, some possible approaches were explored and elaborated on to seek opportunities to reduce GHG emissions, and therefore, enhance the sustainability of local road constructions. The results showed that material processing and material transportation contributed to 74.0-75.2% and 24.7-26.5% of GHG emissions, respectively. It is also known from the stepwise analysis that the significant predictor to form the amount of GHG both on the rigid and flexible pavement is the distance of the aggregate source to batching/asphalt mixing plant. Hence, the strategies for the reduction of GHG emissions, in this case, might be carried out by substituting current construction materials (cement and asphalt) with less intensive GHG emissions materials, and by reducing the distance for the transportation of the aggregates. The result shows that the first proposed strategy, which is substituting cement or asphalt with fly ash and reclaimed asphalt reduces more GHG than the second one.

Keywords


greenhouse gases emissions; local roads; rigid pavements; flexible pavements.

Full Text:

PDF

References


F. S. Handayani, A. Setyawan, F. P. Pramesti, and M. A. Wibowo, “Strategy toward sustainable local road network infrastructure,†in Proc. EACEF 2017, paper 07007, MATEC Web of Conferences 2017, p. 1-8.

The International Standards Organization, Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Principles and framework. ISO 14040, 2006.

J. Y. Park, D. E. Lee, and B.S. Kim, “Development of environmental load-estimating model for road planning phase: Focus on road earthwork,†KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 22(2), pp. 459–466, 2018.

N. Kokkaew, and J. Rudjanakanoknad, “Green assessment of Thailand’s highway infrastructure: A Green Growth Index approach." KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 21(7), 2526–2537, 2017.

Y. Liu, Y. Wang, and D. Li, “Estimation and uncertainty analysis on carbon dioxide emission from construction phase of real highway project in China,†Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 144, pp. 337-346, 2017.

X. Wang, Z. Duan, L. Wu, and D. Yang, “ Estimation of carbon dioxide emission in highway construction: A case study in southwest region of China,†Journal of Cleaner Production, vol.103, pp. 705-714, 2015.

F. Ma, A. Sha, P. Yang, and Y. Huang, “The greenhouse gas emission from portland cement concrete pavement construction in China,†International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 13. Pp. 632, 2016.

A. Mulyana, and R.D. Wirahadikusumah, “Analysis of Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Construction Phase Case Study: Construction of Cisumdawu Road,†Jurnal Teknik Sipil, vol. 24(3), pp. 269–280, 2017.

H. Li, D. Quanxue, Z. Jingxiao, O. O. Ayokunle, and L. Sainan, “Environmental impact assessment of transportation infrastructure in the life cycle: case study of a fast track transportation project in China,â€Energies, vol. 12, 1015, pp. 1-15, 2019.

R. O’Born, “Life cycle assessment of large scale timber bridges: A case study from the world’s longest timber bridge design in Norway,†Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, vol. 59, pp. 301-312, 2018.

S. Babaee, and D. H. Loughlin, “Exploring the role of natural gas power plants with carbon capture and storage as a bridge to a low-carbon future,†Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, vol. 20, pp. 379-391, 2018.

D. Li, Y. Q. Wang, Y. Y. Liu, S. Feng, and D. W. Wang, “Estimating life cycle CO2 emissions from freeway greening engineering,†ASCE-American Society of Civil Engineering: Reston, pp. 796-805, 2018.

“USEPA. Tool for the Reduction and Assessment of Chemical and Other Environmental Impacts (TRACI) Users Guide Tool for the Reduction and Assessment of Chemical and Other Environmental Impacts,†Cincinnati, 2012.

Y. Huang, Y. Ning, T. Zhang, and J. Wu, “Measuring carbon emissions of pavement construction in China,†Sustainability, vol. 8, 723, pp. 1-13, 2016.

M. L. Marceau, M. A. Nisbet, and M. G. VanGeem, “Life Cycle Inventory of Portland Cement Concrete SN3011,†Portland Cement Association, Skokie, Illinois, pp. 121, 2007.

P. Zapata, and J. A. Gambatese, “Energy Consumption of Asphalt and Reinforced Concrete Pavement Materials and Construction,†Journal of Infrastructure Systems, vol. 11(1), pp. 9–20, 2005.

B. Hughes, and W. Hare, “LCI Data for Steel Product,†Report World Steel Association, Brussels, Belgium, 2012.

G. Wernet, C. Bauer, B. Steubing, J. Reinhard, E. Moreno-Ruiz, and B. Weidema, “The ecoinvent database version 3 (part I): overview and methodology.†The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, vol. 21(9), pp.1218–1230, 2016.

L. Bushi, G. Finlayson, and J. A. Meil, “Cradle-to-Gate Life Cycle Assessment of Ready-Mixed Concrete Manufacture by NRMCA Members,†The Athena Sustainable Material Institute, pp. 36-39. 2014.

N. Santero, A. Loijos, and J. Ochsendorf, “Greenhouse gas emissions reduction opportunities for concrete pavement,†Journal of Industrial Ecology, Vol. 17, pp. 1-10, 2013.

L. Gungat and M. O. Hamzah, “Green road construction using reclaimed asphalt pavement with warm mix additive,†International Journal on Advanced Science Engineering Information Technology,†vol. 8, pp. 426-430, 2018.

Vicroads. Integrated Vicroads Environmental Sustainability Tool (INVEST), Vicroads Environmental Sustainability. Federal Highway Administration, Washington DC: FHWA, 2011.

S.T. Muench, J.L. Anderson, J. P. Hatfield, J. R. Koester, and M. Soderlund, et al., Greenroads Manual v1.5 (J.L. Anderson, C.D. Weiland, and S.T. Muench, Eds.), Seattle, WA: University of Washington, 2011.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.9.5.9705

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.



Published by INSIGHT - Indonesian Society for Knowledge and Human Development