Dioscorea spp. Exploration at Manokwari Regency, West Papua, Indonesia

Paulus Chadikun, Amalia Tetrani Sakya, Vita Ratri Cahyani, Maria Theresia Sri Budiastuti

Abstract


Yam (Dioscorea spp)  is a useful plant. It is included among the top five tubers food crops contributing 99% of world production. These plants grow in a secondary forests in Manokwari Regency, West Papua,  but it has not been cultivated yet by farmers or local communities,  so it needs to be explored to identify its growing environment, morphological characteristics and its species variety. The Exploration was conducted in 9 districts of Manokwari Regency, West Papua which consisted of West Manokwari, South Manokwari, East Manokwari, North Manokwari, Masni, Prafi, Sidey, Tanah Rubuh, and Warmare, with a total area of 4650.32 km2. The exploration was carried out by determining randomly sampling points based on where the plants were found. Samples found were taken its photo, and collected its morphological character data and collected its dry specimens. The results found that the plant lives at a range temperature of 25.5 - 34.80C, 57.7 - 88.2% humidity range, and light intensity range at 1033 – 26200 lux. Forty accessions were obtained during the exploration comprising of 5 species i.e Dioscorea alata L., Dioscorea bulbifera L., Dioscorea hispida Dennst, Dioscorea pentaphylla L., and Dioscorea pyrifolia Kunth. The results showed that 2 accessions of Dioscorea alata L had thorny stems and leave position of 2 other accessions were alternate; 2 accessions  of Dioscorea bulbifera L. had thorny stems; and Dioscorea pentaphylla L found to have compound leaves with 3, 4, 5 and 7 leaf blade.


Keywords


dioscorea; exploration; Manokwari; growing environment; morphological characteristics; species variety.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Acevedo-Rodriguez, P., 2005. Family Dioscoreaceae. In: Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Smithsonian Institution. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, Vol.51: 421-427.

Acevedo-Rodrguez, P., and Strong, M.T,, 2005. Family 10. Dioscoreaceae Yam Family. In: Monocotyledons and Gymnosperms of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, Vol.52: 82-92.

Ayensu, E.S., 1972. Anatomy of Monocotyledon. VI: Dioscoreales. Oxford University Press,London. UK.

Cornet, T., Sierra, J., and Bonhomme, R., 2007. Characterization of the Photosynthetic pathway of some tropical food yams (Dioscorea spp.) using leaf natural 13C abundance. Photosynthetica 45 (2): 303-305.

Akoruda, M.O., 1984. Genetic improvement of vegetable crops: yam (Dioscorea spp.). In M. Kasloo (ed.), Genetic improvement of vegetable crops. Pergamon Press, pp. 717-733.

Srivastava, A.K., and Gaiser, T., 2008. Biomass production and partitioning pattern of Yam (Dioscorea rotundata). Agric. J. 3: 334-337.

Jayakody, L., Hoover, R., Liu, Q., Donner, E., 2007. Studies on tuber starches. II. Molecular structure, composition and physicochemical properties of yam (Dioscorea sp.) starches grown in Sri Lanka. Carbohydrate Polymers, 69(1), pp.148-163. Elsevier.

Lebot, V., R. Malapa, T. Molisale, J. L. Marchand. 2005. Physicochemical characterization of yam (Dioscorea alata L.) tubers from Vanuatu. Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. 53:1199-1208.

Huang CH, Cheng JY, Deng MC, Chou CH Jan TR. 2012. Prebiotic effect of diosgenin, an immunoactive steroidal sapogenin of chinese yam. Food Chemistry. 132: 428-432.

Wanasundera, J.P., & Ravindran, G., 1994. Nutritional assessment of yam (Dioscorea alata) tubers. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition. 46 (1): 33-39.

Choi, E.M., & Hwang, J.K.,2002. Enhancement of oxidative response and cytokine production by yam mucopolysaccharide in murine peritoneal macrophage. Fitoterapia, 73 (7-8): 629-637.

Jan, T.R., Wey, S.P., Kuan, C.C., Liao, M.H., & Wu, H.Y., 2007. Diosgenin, a steroidal sapogenin, enhances antigen-specific IgG2a and interferon-gamma expression in ovalbumin-sensitized BALB/c mice. Planta Medica, 73 (5): 421-426.

Lin, P.L., Lin, K.W., Weng, C.F., & Lin, K.C., 2009. Yam storage protein dioscorins from Dioscorea alata and Dioscorea japonica exhibit distinct immunomodulatory activities in mice. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57 (11): 4606-4613.

Lu YL, Chia CY, Liu YW, Hou WC. 2012. Biological activities and applications of Dioscorins, the major tuber storage protein of yam. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine. Vol. 2. No.1. 41-46.

Gurfinkel, D.M., and Rao, A.V., 2003. Soyasaponins: The relationship between chemical structure and colon anticarcinogenic activity. Nutr. Cancer, 47: 24-33.

Kim, S.W., Park, S.K., Kang, S.I., Kang, H.C., Oh, H.J., Bae, C.Y., and Bae, D.H., 2003. Hypocholesterolemic property of Yucca schidigera and Quillaja saponaria extracts in human body. Arch. Pharm. Res., 26: 1042-1046.

Bhandari, M.R., Kawabata, J., Kasai, T., 2003. Nutritional Evaluation of Wild Yam (Dioscorea spp.) Tubers of Nepal. Food Chemistry, 82: 619-623. Elsevier.

Kumar, S., Das, G., Shin, H-S., and Patra, J.K., 2017. Dioscorea spp. (A Wild Edible Tuber): A Study on Its Ethnopharmacological Potential and Traditional Used by the Local People of Similipal Biosphere Reserve, India (Review). Frontiers in Pharmacology. 8: 52. Doi: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00052.

Johnston, M. and Onwueme, I.C., 1998. Effect of Shade on Photosynthetic Pigments in The Tropical Root Crops: Yam, Taro, Tannia, Cassava and Sweet Potato. Expl. Agric., 34: 301-312.

Coursey, D.G., 1967. Yams: An Account of the Nature, Origins, Cultivation and Utilization of the Useful Members of the Dioscoreaceae. London: Longmans, Greens and Co. Ltd.

Hahn, S.K., 1995. “Yams, Dioscorea spp. (Dioscoreaceae),†In Evolution of Crops Plants, eds J. Smartt and N.W. Simmonds (London: Longman Group Limited), 112-120.

Alexander, J., and Coursey, D.G., 1969. “The origins of yam cultivation,†in The Domestication and Exploitation of Plants and animals. Proceedings of a Meeting of the Research Seminar in Archaeology and Related Subjects Held at the Institute of Archaeology, London University , eds P.J. Ucko and G.H. Dimbleby (Gerald: Duckworth & Co. Ltd.),405-425.

Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Manokwari. 2017. Kabupaten Manokwari Dalam Angka 2017. Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Manokwari, Kabupaten Manokwari. Manokwari. (Central Bureau of Statistics of Manokwari Regency, 2017)

Arnau, G., Abraham, K., Sheela, M.N., Chair, H., Sartie, A., and Asiedu, R., 2010. Chapter 4 Yams: in Root and Tuber Crops, Handbook of Plant Breeding, (ed.), Bradshaw, J.E. DOI 10.1007/978-0-387-92765-7-4.

Orkwor, G.C., Asiedu, R. and Ekanayaka, I.J. 1998. Food Yams: Advances in Research. Ibadan: International Institute of Tropical Agriculture/NRCRI.

Tamiru, M.2006. Assesing Diversityin yams (Dioscorea spp.) from Ethiopia Based on Morphology , AFLP Markers and Tuber Quality and Farmer’s Management of Landraces. PhD. Thesis, Georg-August-University, Goettingen.

Terauchi, R., Terachi, T., Tsunewaki, K. 1991. Intraspecific variation of chloroplast DNA in Dioscorea bulbifera L. Theor. Appl. Genet. 81, 461-470. doi: 10.1007/BF00219435.

Onwueme, I. C. and Charles, W. B. 1994. Tropical Root and Tuber Crops: production, prospective and future prospects, in FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper. Pp 1-228. Rome.

Schultz, G. E. 1993. Element Stewardship Abstract for Dioscorea bulbifera. The Nature Concervancy. Available on line at: http://www.invasive.org/weeded/pdfs/tncweeds/diosbul.pdf.

Langland, K. A. and Burks, C. K., 1998. Identification and Biology of Non-native Plants in Florida’s Natural Areas. Gainesville, FL. University of Florida.

Ayensu, E.S., and Coursey, D.G., 1972. Guinea yams: the botany, ethnobotany, use and possible future of yams in West Africa. Econ. Bot. 26, 301-318. Doi: 10.1007/BF02860700

Sharma, L.N. and Bastakoti, R. 2009. Ethnobotany of Dioscorea L. with emphasis on food value in Chepang communities in Dhading District, central Nepal.Botanica Orientalis. J. Plant Sci. 6, 12-17.

Nashriyah, M., Athiqah, M.Y.N., Amin, H.S., Norhayati, N., Azhar, A.W.M., Khairil, M., 2011. Ethnobotany and Distribution of Wild Edible Tubers in Pulau Redang and Nearby Islands of Terengganu, Malaysia. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Engineering. 5(12): 911-914.

French, B.R., 2006. Root Crops and Starchy Staple Foods. In: Food Plants of Papua New Guinea. A compendium Revised edition. Pp.23-32.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.9.4.9612

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Published by INSIGHT - Indonesian Society for Knowledge and Human Development