Investigation of Loss-of-Mains Detection on Induction Generators Based on Simple Reactive Power Changes Detection
Abstract
A self-excited induction generator (SEIG) is widely used in micro hydropower plants. Generally, in Indonesia, the plant is integrated to a secondary distribution line and acts as a distributed generation (DG). If the distribution line is disconnected from the grid (loss-of-mains, LoM), then the plant must be immediately isolated before the distribution network contact equipment closes back in an out-of-synchronous mode. Voltage relays and frequency relays are commonly used to detect the occurrence of LoM on plants using SEIG. However, those relays are unable to detect all of the LoM events. This paper describes the excitation capacitor sizing strategy so that the direction of the reactive power flow changes in the event of a LoM. The change of direction of reactive power flow was used as an indicator of the occurrence of LoM. Detection of the direction of reactive power flow was done by manipulating the multiplication of instantaneous voltage and current. The result of excitation capacitor determination and LoM detection method was simulated using SIMULINK-Matlab. The simulation results showed that the proposed method could detect LoM, which could not be detected either by voltage relays or by frequency relays. The disadvantage of this method was not able to detect the LoM if the load and the power grid were capacitive. However, it is almost certain that the load and the distribution network are always inductive. The results of this study can be used as a direction for the application of LoM protection on SEIG.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
N. Jenkins, R. Allan, J. B. Ekanayake, G. Strbac, Embedded Generation, London, U. K, Inst. Elect. Eng., 2010.
G. Pepermans, J. Driesen, D. Haeseldonckx, R. Belmans and W. D’haeseleer, "Distributed generation: definition, benefits, and issue," Elsevier Energy Policy, vol. 33, pp. 787-798, 2005.
D. Levy, “Stand alone induction generators,†Elect. Power Syst. Res., vol. 41, pp. 191–201, 1997.
R. C. Bansal, “Three-Phase Self-Excited Induction Generators: An Overview,†IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 292-299, June 2005.
D. Bejmert, T. S. Sidhu, “Investigation into Islanding Detection with Capacitor Insertion-Based Methodâ€, IEEE Trans. On Power Del., vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 2485-2492, Dec. 2014.
I. Mazhari, H. Jafarian, J. Enslin, S. Bhowmik, “Locking Frequency Band Detection Method for Islanding Protection of Distribution Generation,†IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 1385-1396, Sept 2017.
Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems, IEEE Std 1547 2003.
A. Khamis, H. Shareef, E. Bizkevelci, T. Khatib, "A Review of islanding detection techniques for renewable distributed generation systems", Elsevier, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol.28, pp.483-493, 2013
P. Mazat, Z. Chen, B. Bak-Jensen, "Review of Islanding Detection Methods for Distributed Generation", Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies, DRPT, pp. 2743-2748, Nanjing China, 6-9 April 2008.
K. A. Ropp, N. Sabhah, "Using Power Carrier Communications to Prevent Islanding," in Proc. 28th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialist Conference, pp. 1675-1678, 2000.
W. Wang, J. Kliber, G. Zhang, W. Xu, B. Howell, T. Palladino, “A Power Line Signaling Based Technique for Anti-Islanding Protection of Distributed Generators—Part I: Scheme and Analysisâ€, IEEE Tran. Power Delivery, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 1758-1766, July 2007.
W. Wang, J. Kliber, G. Zhang, W. Xu, B. Howell, T. Palladino, "A Power Line Signaling Based Technique for Anti-Islanding Protection of Distributed Generators—Part II: Field Test Results," IEEE Tran. Power Delivery, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 1767-1772, July 2007.
J. S. Hwang, J. E. Kim, "Islanding Detection Method of Distributed Generation Units Connected To Power Distribution System," in IEEE Power System Technology Conference, pp. 643-647, 2000.
B. Fox, P. O’Kane, "Loss of Mains Detection for Embedded Generation by System Impedance Monitoring," in Developments in Power System Protection, Conference Publication No. 434, ©IEE, 1997, 25-27th March 1997.
B. Wen, D. Boroyevich, R. Burgos, Z. Shen, P. Mattavelli, “Impedance-Based Analysis of Active Frequency Drift Islanding Detection for Grid-Tied Inverter Systemâ€, IEEE Transaction on Industry Applications, vol. 52, no. 1, Jan/Feb 2016.
J. Sung-Il, K. Kwang-Ho, "An Islanding Detection Method for Distributed Generations Using Voltage Unbalance and Total Harmonic Distortion of Current," IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 745-752, April 2004.
H. Laaksonen, "Advanced Islanding Detection Functionality for Future Electricity Distribution Networks," IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 2056-2064, October 2013.
P. C. M. Meira, A. P. Grilo, W. Freitas, J. C. M. Vieira, “Investigation of the Islanding Detection of Induction Generators,†Power & Energy Society General Meeting, 2009. PES '09. IEEE, Calgary, AB, Canada, 26-30 July 2009.
I. Abdulhadi, Xinyao Li, F. Coffele, P. Crolla, A. Dysko, C. Booth, G. Burt, International White Book on DER Protection: Review and Testing Procedures, Glasgow, U.K., Institute for Energy and Environment, 2012.
J. G. Trapp, J. B. Parizzi, F. A. Farret, Ã.B. Serdotte, A. J. Longo, “Stand alone self-excited induction generator with reduced excitation capacitors at fixed speed,†in Proc. Power Electronics Conference (COBEP), 2011 Brazilian, p. 955-962.
C. Salimikordkandi, T. Sürgevil, “Modeling and Analysis of Self-Excited Induction Generator with Fixed Capacitor Excitation and Shunt Voltage Regulation,†in Proc. Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference and Exposition (PEMC), 2014, p. 149-155.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.8.4.6499
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Published by INSIGHT - Indonesian Society for Knowledge and Human Development