Strategy to Reduce GHG Emission and Energy Consumption at Process Production of Biodiesel Using Catalyst From Crude Palm Oil (CPO) and Crude Jatropha Curcas Oil (CJCO) in Indonesia

Abstract

Crude palm oil (CPO) is one kind of biologic resource that has been widely produced for biodiesel fuel, including Indonesia as the world main producer of palm oil. However, CPO is a food resource. This drives Indonesia to find another alternative source for biodiesel production. One promising source is Jatropha curcas L. which is considered as non-edible industrial plant used for biodiesel fuel. Jatropha curcas could be planted in marginal soil, semi dry climate, and suitable in tropical and subtropic climate. According to those aforementioned situations, an effort to address this issue should be conducted by identifying and presenting actual condition of Indonesian palm oil and Jatropha curcas estate. In this research, LCA is used to analyze the prospect of oil palm and Jatropha curcas development. The impact assessment calculation on stable production is lower than before-stable production. By considering that 4/5 or 20 years of 25 years of its life cycle lie on stable production, appropriate calculation method is needed. Agro-chemical utilization such as fertilizer, insecticides, pesticides, and fungicides produces significant contribution to environmental impact in biodiesel production. It is accounted by 50.46% for oil palm and 33.51% for Jatropha curcas. The use of organic fertilizer very influences the reduction of GHG emission value in fertilization sub-process. It could reduce up to 96.2 % for oil palm and 76.8% for Jatropha curcas. In term of electricity generation, shows that Jatropha curcas oil based biodiesel is better than fossil fuel. The improvement of Indonesian power plant should consider the utilization of low GHG emission fuel, such as natural gas and biodiesel fuel.