Utilization of Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber of Palm Oil Industry for Bio-Hydrogen Production

Eka Sari, Mohammad Effendy, Nufus Kanani, - Wardalia, - Rusdi

Abstract


Empty fruit bunch fiber (EFBf) is a type of biomass waste generated by the palm oil industry, which accounts for approximately 22-23% of the total fresh fruit produced to make CPO. Currently, the total waste of EFBf  in Indonesia stands at about 5 million tons per year. It is necessary, therefore, to find solutions for utilizing this abundance. One alternative is to produce bio-hydrogen from the EFBf bio-mass waste. The early stage of the process was to convert EFBF biomass waste into bio-ethanol, which could then be subjected to high temperatures in a ‘cracking’ process to produce bio-hydrogen. The characteristics of the bio-ethanol were analysed, and it was used as Bio-ethanol Reformer, a raw material in the cracking process. The results showed that a pre-treatment process using sodium hydroxide at a concentration of 6% for 60 minutes resulted in an 86.69% elimination of lignin. Pre-treated EBFf bio-mass waste hydrolysed using sulphuric acid at a concentration of 6% for 60 minutes, produced 0.6054% glucose. The fermentation process showed 6.58% bio-ethanol.  Based on the characteristics of the bio-ethanol produced in this experiment, a simulation calculation for the production of bio-hydrogen was then performed using the cracking process of bio-ethanol with specified process conditions. The simulation calculations showed that the yield of bio-hydrogen in the cracking process reached 21.4%.

Keywords


empty fruit bunch; bio-ethanol; cracking; bio-hydrogen; simulation

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.8.3.3985

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