Facile Strategy for Surface Functionalization of Corn Cob to Biocarbon and Its Catalytic Performance on Banana Peel Starch Hydrolysis
Abstract
The sulphonated biocarbon (C-SO3H) has been prepared from carbonization of corn cob and followed by one-step hydrothermal treatment. This research focus on characterization of C-SO3H and evaluate the capability of C-SO3H for hydrolyzed banana peel starch, and also investigate the optimum concentrations of substrate and the reaction time for hydrolysis. The C-SO3H was produced from corn cob (±60 mm mesh); it was carbonized at 400 °C for 1 hour. The resulting carbon was sulphonated by hydroxy ethyl sulphonic acid at 180 °C for 4 hours, and then washed with 50% methanol and water, and then resulting biocarbon was dried at 80 °C for 6 hour in oven. Based on Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observation, structure morphology of corn cob was changed due to carbonization process. The C-SO3H after sulphonation has random pores with diameter around 3 µm–10 µm. The X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) showed increased of crystalline index of corn cob about 133% after carbonization. Analysis of EDX result for S component on C-SO3H is 3.79% w/w and capacity of H+ is 1.447 mmol/g. The apparent peaks of -SO3H functional groups (1207 cm-1 and 1720 cm-1) on C-SO3H were indicated the by Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR). Optimum hydrolysis concentration of banana peel starch is 7% w/v for 60 min at 100oC which Total Reducing Sugar (TRS) concentration about 0.688 mg/mL. Reusability of C-SO3H for 4 repeated used which showed a good performance that only 6% of decreasing activity of C-SO3H. The utilization of corn cob can be enhanced of corn cob and also it can be utilized as heterogeneous catalyst.
Keywords
C-SO3H; sulphonated; biocarbon; glucose; hydrolysis; banana peel starch
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PDFDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.7.4.2427
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Published by INSIGHT - Indonesian Society for Knowledge and Human Development