Investigating an Enhanced Approach for Greenhouse Climate Control: Optimising Cooling and Heating Systems

Endi Sailul Haq, Shinta Setiadevi, Eka Mistiko Rini, Dianni Yusuf, Ardito Atmaka Aji

Abstract


This study aimed to enhance greenhouse climate regulation by optimizing the efficiency of existing cooling and heating systems while considering external temperature and humidity conditions. We introduced an automated system capable of regulating the internal greenhouse environment, which underwent testing across 30 days in September 2021, with temperatures ranging from 26°C to 31°C and humidity from 65% to 70%. The system consistently monitored and adjusted the microclimate, with sensors capturing temperature and humidity data at 30-second intervals, amassing over 83,000 data entries for enhanced control accuracy. The automated regulation effectively maintained desired humidity, significantly reducing nighttime levels by 80% while carefully increasing daytime humidity to counteract external heat. Temperature control was largely successful, sustaining daytime levels around 32°C, but faced challenges in maintaining the target of 26°C during cooler nights. Energy consumption was optimized, with the automation leading to a significant 4-33% energy saving for cooling and an 8% saving in heating compared to traditional methods. Additionally, the system was accessible via a web interface, allowing for real-time climate tracking and prompt anomaly identification. In conclusion, the developed greenhouse automation system exhibited efficiency in equipment usage and improved temperature and humidity control. Further enhancements are required for lamp-based heating. This research contributes to the efficiency and reliability of greenhouse automation systems, mitigating risks associated with external environmental factors and enhancing stability, productivity, and disease and pest prevention.

Keywords


Greenhouse climate control; tropical country; automation system; energy efficiency

Full Text:

PDF

References


C. Maraveas, C.-S. Karavas, D. Loukatos, T. Bartzanas, K. G. Arvanitis, and E. Symeonaki, "Agricultural Greenhouses: Resource Management Technologies and Perspectives for Zero Greenhouse Gas Emissions," Agriculture, vol. 13, no. 7, p. 1464, 2023, doi: 10.3390/agriculture13071464.

K. Abbass, M. Z. Qasim, H. Song, M. Murshed, H. Mahmood, and I. Younis, "A review of the global climate change impacts, adaptation, and sustainable mitigation measures," Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., vol. 29, no. 28, pp. 42539–42559, 2022, doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-19718-6.

G. S. Malhi, M. Kaur, and P. Kaushik, "Impact of climate change on agriculture and its mitigation strategies: A review," Sustain., vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 1–21, 2021, doi: 10.3390/su13031318.

A. J. Mendoza-Fernández, A. Peña-Fernández, L. Molina, and P. A. Aguilera, "The role of technology in greenhouse agriculture: Towards a sustainable intensification in campo de dalías (Almería, Spain)," Agronomy, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1–14, 2021, doi: 10.3390/agronomy11010101.

K. Canaj et al., "Can precise irrigation support the sustainability of protected cultivation? A life-cycle assessment and life-cycle cost analysis," Water (Switzerland), vol. 14, no. 1, 2022, doi: 10.3390/w14010006.

I. D. G. A. Putra et al., "Development of climate zones for passive cooling techniques in the hot and humid climate of Indonesia," Build. Environ., vol. 226, no. 2, p. 109698, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109698.

A. Costantino, L. Comba, G. Sicardi, M. Bariani, and E. Fabrizio, "Energy performance and climate control in mechanically ventilated greenhouses: A dynamic modelling-based assessment and investigation," Appl. Energy, vol. 288, p. 116583, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116583.

J. Muñoz-Liesa et al., "Building-integrated agriculture: Are we shifting environmental impacts? An environmental assessment and structural improvement of urban greenhouses," Resour. Conserv. Recycl., vol. 169, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105526.

A. Ajagekar, N. S. Mattson, and F. You, "Energy-efficient AI-based Control of Semi-closed Greenhouses Leveraging Robust Optimization in Deep Reinforcement Learning," Adv. Appl. Energy, vol. 9, no. November 2022, p. 100119, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.adapen.2022.100119.

J. S. Sujin, R. Murugan, M. Nagarjun, and A. K. Praveen, "IOT Based Greenhouse Monitoring and Controlling System," J. Phys. Conf. Ser., vol. 1916, no. 1, 2021, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1916/1/012062.

S. van Mourik et al., "Introductory overview: Systems and control methods for operational management support in agricultural production systems," Environ. Model. Softw., vol. 139, no. March, p. 105031, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2021.105031.

N. Bafdal and I. Ardiansah, "Application of Internet of Things in Smart Greenhouse Microclimate Management for Tomato Growth," Int. J. Adv. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 427–432, 2021, doi: 10.18517/ijaseit.11.2.13638.

Y. Guo, H. Zhao, S. Zhang, Y. Wang, and D. Chow, "Modeling and optimization of environment in agricultural greenhouses for improving cleaner and sustainable crop production," J. Clean. Prod., vol. 285, p. 124843, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124843.

X. Li, X. Hu, S. Song, and D. Sun, "Greenhouse Management for Better Vegetable Quality, Higher Nutrient Use Efficiency, and Healthier Soil," Horticulturae, vol. 8, no. 12, pp. 10–13, 2022, doi: 10.3390/horticulturae8121192.

M. Dhanaraju, P. Chenniappan, K. Ramalingam, S. Pazhanivelan, and R. Kaliaperumal, "Smart Farming: Internet of Things (IoT)-Based Sustainable Agriculture," Agric., vol. 12, no. 10, pp. 1–26, 2022, doi: 10.3390/agriculture12101745.

N. Sadek, N. kamal, and D. Shehata, "Internet of Things based smart automated indoor hydroponics and aeroponics greenhouse in Egypt," Ain Shams Eng. J., no. xxxx, p. 102341, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.asej.2023.102341.

C. Bersani, C. Ruggiero, R. Sacile, A. Soussi, and E. Zero, "Internet of Things Approaches for Monitoring and Control of Smart Greenhouses in Industry 4.0," Energies, vol. 15, no. 10, 2022, doi: 10.3390/en15103834.

A. Rejeb, K. Rejeb, A. Abdollahi, F. Al-Turjman, and H. Treiblmaier, "The Interplay between the Internet of Things and agriculture: A bibliometric analysis and research agenda," Internet of Things (Netherlands), vol. 19, no. July, p. 100580, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.iot.2022.100580.

I. Ihoume, R. Tadili, N. Arbaoui, and H. Krabch, "Design of a low-cost active and sustainable autonomous system for heating agricultural greenhouses: A case study on strawberry (fragaria vulgaris) growth," Heliyon, vol. 9, no. 3, p. e14582, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14582.

H. Ye, Y. Yang, and L. Zhu, "A wireless network detection and control system for intelligent agricultural greenhouses based on NB-IOT technology," J. Phys. Conf. Ser., vol. 1738, no. 1, 2021, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1738/1/012058.

S. Al-Naemi and A. Al-Otoom, "Smart sustainable greenhouses utilizing microcontroller and IOT in the GCC countries; energy requirements & economical analyses study for a concept model in the state of Qatar," Results Eng., vol. 17, no. December 2022, p. 100889, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.rineng.2023.100889.

G. Zapalac, "Simulation of a convectively-cooled unventilated greenhouse," Comput. Electron. Agric., vol. 193, p. 106563, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.compag.2021.106563.

G. J. Messelink, J. Lambion, A. Janssen, and P. C. J. van Rijn, "Biodiversity in and around greenhouses: Benefits and potential risks for pest management," Insects, vol. 12, no. 10, pp. 1–16, 2021, doi: 10.3390/insects12100933.

I. Blanco, A. Luvisi, L. De Bellis, E. Schettini, G. Vox, and G. Scarascia Mugnozza, “Research Trends on Greenhouse Engineering Using a Science Mapping Approach,†Horticulturae, vol. 8, no. 9, 2022, doi: 10.3390/horticulturae8090833.

A. Abdollahi, K. Rejeb, A. Rejeb, M. M. Mostafa, and S. Zailani, "Wireless sensor networks in agriculture: Insights from bibliometric analysis," Sustain., vol. 13, no. 21, 2021, doi: 10.3390/su132112011.

R. Abbasi, P. Martinez, and R. Ahmad, "The digitization of agricultural industry – a systematic literature review on agriculture 4.0," Smart Agric. Technol., vol. 2, no. January, p. 100042, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.atech.2022.100042.

A. Abu Sneineh and A. A. A. Shabaneh, "Design of a smart hydroponics monitoring system using an ESP32 microcontroller and the Internet of Things," MethodsX, vol. 11, no. September, p. 102401, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.mex.2023.102401.

H. Abid, A. Ketata, M. Lajnef, H. Chiboub, and Z. Driss, "Numerical investigation of greenhouse climate considering external environmental factors and crop position in Sfax central region of Tunisia," Sol. Energy, vol. 264, no. August, p. 112032, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2023.112032.

X. Lyu, Y. Xu, M. Wei, C. Wang, G. Zhang, and S. Wang, "Effects of vent opening, wind speed, and crop height on microenvironment in three-span arched greenhouse under natural ventilation," Comput. Electron. Agric., vol. 201, no. November 2021, p. 107326, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.compag.2022.107326.

X. Fei, W. Xiao-Long, and X. Yong, "Development of Energy Saving and Rapid Temperature Control Technology for Intelligent Greenhouses," IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 29677–29685, 2021, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3059199.

A. Tay, F. Lafont, and J. F. Balmat, "Forecasting pest risk level in roses greenhouse: Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system vs artificial neural networks," Inf. Process. Agric., vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 386–397, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.inpa.2020.10.005.

D. Cota, J. Martins, H. Mamede, and F. Branco, "BHiveSense: An integrated information system architecture for sustainable remote monitoring and management of apiaries based on IoT and microservices," J. Open Innov. Technol. Mark. Complex., vol. 9, no. 3, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.joitmc.2023.100110.

B. T. W. Putra, N. J. Ramadhani, D. W. Soedibyo, B. Marhaenanto, I. Indarto, and Y. Yualianto, "The use of computer vision to estimate tree diameter and circumference in homogeneous and production forests using a non-contact method," Forest Sci. Technol., vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 32–38, 2021, doi: 10.1080/21580103.2021.1873866.

G. Nikolaou, D. Neocleous, A. Christou, P. Polycarpou, E. Kitta, and N. Katsoulas, "Energy and water related parameters in tomato and cucumber greenhouse crops in semiarid mediterranean regions. A review, part I: Increasing energy efficiency," Horticulturae, vol. 7, no. 12, 2021, doi: 10.3390/horticulturae7120521.

M. Soussi, M. T. Chaibi, M. Buchholz, and Z. Saghrouni, "Comprehensive Review on Climate Control and Cooling Systems in Greenhouses under Hot and Arid Conditions," Agronomy, vol. 12, no. 3, 2022, doi: 10.3390/agronomy12030626.

A. Rasheed, J. W. Lee, H. T. Kim, and H. W. Lee, "Study on Heating and Cooling Performance of Air-to-Water Heat Pump System for Protected Horticulture," Energies, vol. 15, no. 15, pp. 1–19, 2022, doi: 10.3390/en15155467.

C. Maraveas and T. Bartzanas, "Application of Internet of Things (IoT) for Optimized Greenhouse Environments," AgriEngineering, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 954–970, 2021, doi: 10.3390/ agriengineering3040060.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.13.6.19384

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Published by INSIGHT - Indonesian Society for Knowledge and Human Development