Sustainability Approach of Site Selection for Renewables Deployment in Indonesian Rural Electrical Grids

Rislima F. Sitompul, Daniel A. Prima Sinaga

Abstract


As Indonesia works up efforts to increase renewables penetration and inequality of electrification ratio across the country, rural electrical grids are growing in popularity. However, there are some uncertainties of its development in a rural area, especially in deploying resources and forming guidance for site selection. The complexity of many aspects that incorporate and impact many stakeholders must be considered to develop a sustainable energy project. A sustainability framework that assesses a site's qualification for renewables electrification project is created to address these concerns. This study has resulted in a framework for site selection by considering the primary stakeholders' inclusiveness with holistic assessment in technical, economic, environmental, and social aspects. The inclusion of different perspectives and different elements in this study creates the robustness of the sustainability framework. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies may support the framework to understand the project's benefit towards a better environment. Willingness-to-pay-approach can help the community take ownership of the mini-grid instead of imposing it upon them a foreign solution. This holistic framework may still need to be evaluated in its application concerning the existing constraints and limited resources. Studies of regulation, policy, and incentives can support the implementation of such a systematic sustainability framework. Nevertheless, implementing this framework helps encourage policymakers, developers, communities, and energy service companies to understand better and accomplish further sustainable development.

Keywords


rural electrification; site selection; sustainability assessment; sustainable development; sustainability framework.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Institute for Essential Services Reform, "Indonesia Clean Energy Outlook: Tracking Progress and Review of Clean Energy Development in Indonesia," IESR, Jakarta, 2019.

National Energy Council, "Indonesia Energy Outlook 2019," Dewan Energi Nasional (DEN), Jakarta, 2019.

MEMR, "Renewable Energy Investment Potential in Indonesia," Dirjen EBTKE - Kementerian ESDM, Jakarta, 2019.

M. Maulidhia, P. Dargusch, P. Ashworth and F. Ardiansyah, "Rethinking renewable energy targets and electricity sector reform in Indonesia: A private sector perspective," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 101, no. 1, pp. 231-247, 2019.

Direktorat Jendral Ketenagalistrikan, "Statistik Ketenagalistrikan Tahun 2018," Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources - ESDM, Jakarta, 2019.

T. S. Schmidt, N. U. Blum and R. S. Wakeling, "Attracting private investments into rural electrification — A case study on renewable energy based village grids in Indonesia," Energy for Sustainable Development, vol. 1, pp. 1-15, 2013.

P. Cook, "Infrastructure, rural electrification and development," Energy for Sustainable Development, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 1-9, 2011.

D. Suri, "Site selection framework for mini-grids in developing countries: An overview," The Electricity Journal, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 1-6, 2020.

R. Drewienkiewicz, "GVEP/UNDP documentation and analysis of business models within the E+ Co Portfolio," UNDP, New York, 2005.

H. Feibel, "How micro hydro power systems implemented during ENDEV 1 are performing," GTZ, St Gallen, 2010.

A. Yadoo and H. Cruickshank, "The value of cooperatives in rural electrification," Energy Policy, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 2941-2947, 2010.

Y. Glemarec, "Financing off-grid sustainable energy access for the poor," Energy Policy, vol. 47, pp. 87-93, 2012.

O. Waissbein, Y. Glemarec, H. Bayraktar and T. Schmidt, "Derisking renewable energy investments," United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), New York, 2013.

IRENA, "Renewable Energy Prospects: Indonesia," International Renewable Energy Agency, New York, 2017.

C. Sneddon, R. Howarth and R. Norgaard, "Sustainable development in a post-brundtland world," Ecological Economics, vol. 57, pp. 253-268, 2006.

P. Bradley, G. Parry and N. O'Regan, "A framework to explore the functioning and sustainability of business models," Sustainable Production and Consumption, vol. 21, pp. 57-77, 2020.

D. Teece, "Business models, business strategy and innovation," Long Range Planning, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 172-194, 2010.

C. Baden-Fuller and M. Morgan, "Business models as models," Long Range Planning, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 156-171, 2010.

C. Zott and R. Amit, "Business model design: An activity system perspective," Longe Range Planning, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 216-226, 2010.

A. Maxim, "Sustainability assessment of electricity generation technologies using weighted multi-criteria decision analysis," Energy Policy, vol. 65, pp. 284-297, 2014.

H. Jeswani, H. Gujba and A. Azapagic, "Assessing options for electricity generation from biomass on a life cycle basis: environmental and economic evaluation," Waste Biomass Valorization, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 33-42, 2011.

E. Rovere, J. Soares, L. Oliveira and T. Lauria, "Sustainable expansion of electricity sector: sustainability indicators as an instrument to support decision making," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 422-429, 2010.

E. Santoyo-Castelazo and A. Azapagic, "Sustainability assessment of energy systems: integrating environmental, economic and social aspects," Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 80, pp. 119-138, 2014.

N. L. Peluso and C. Lund, "New Frontiers of Land Control: Introduction," The Journal of Peasant Studies, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 667-681, 2011.

S. Szabó, K. Bódis, I. Kougias, M. Moner-Girona, A. Jäger-Waldau, G. Barton and L. Szabó, "A Methodology for Maximizing the Benefits of Solar Landfills on Closed Sites," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 76, pp. 1291-1300, 2017.

J. A. Sward, J. Siff, J. Gu and K. M. Zhang, "Strategic Planning for Utility-Scale Solar Photovoltaic Development - Historical Peak Events Revisited," Applied Energy, vol. 250, pp. 1292-1301, 2019.

P. Esslinger and R. Witzmann, "Improving Grid Transmission Capacity and Voltage Quality in Low-Voltage Grids with a High Proportion of Distributed Power Plants," Energy Procedia, vol. 12, pp. 294-302, 2011.

F. Asdrubali, G. Baldinelli, F. D’Alessandro and F. Scrucca, "Life Cycle Assessment of Electricity Production from Renewable Energies: Review and Results Harmonization," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 42, pp. 1113-1122, 2015.

M. Siyaranamual, M. Amalia, A. Yusuf, and A. Alisjahbana, “Consumers’ willingness to pay for electricity service attributes: A discrete choice experiment in urban Indonesia,†Energy Reports, vol. 6, pp. 562–571, Nov. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.egyr.2020.02.018.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.10.6.13762

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Published by INSIGHT - Indonesian Society for Knowledge and Human Development